Everything about Paul Bert totally explained
Paul Bert (
October 17,
1833 -
November 11,
1886) was a
French physiologist and
politician.==Life==
He was born at
Auxerre (
Yonne). He entered the
École polytechnique at
Paris with the intention of becoming an engineer; then changing his mind, he studied law; and finally, under the influence of the zoologist,
Louis Pierre Gratiolet (1815-1865), he took up physiology, becoming one of
Claude Bernard's most brilliant pupils. After graduating at Paris as doctor of medicine in
1863, and doctor of science in
1866, he was appointed professor of physiology successively at
Bordeaux (1866) and the
Sorbonne (1869).
After the
revolution of 1870 he began to take part in politics as a supporter of
Gambetta. In 1874 he was elected to the Assembly, where he sat on the
extreme left, and in 1876 to the chamber of deputies. He was one of the most determined enemies of clericalism, and an ardent advocate of "liberating national education from religious sects, while rendering it accessible to every citizen."
From November 14,
1881 to January 30,
1882, he was
minister of education and worship in Gambetta's short-lived cabinet, and in 1881 he created a great sensation by a lecture on modern
Catholicism, delivered in a Paris theatre, in which he poured ridicule on the fables and follies of the chief religious tracts and handbooks that circulated especially in the south of France. Early in 1886 he was appointed resident-general in
Annam and
Tonkin, and died of
dysentery at
Hanoi on the 11th of November of that year.
Works
He was more distinguished as a man of science than as a politician or administrator. His classical work,
La Pression barometrique (1878), embodies researches that gained him the biennial prize of 20,000 francs from the Academy of Sciences in 1875, and is a comprehensive investigation on the physiological effects of air-pressure, both above and below the normal. The eponymous "Paul Bert effect" describes
oxygen toxicity at
hyperbaric pressures.
His earliest researches, which provided him with material for his two doctoral theses, were devoted to animal grafting and the vitality of animal tissues, and they were followed by studies on the physiological action of various
poisons, on
anaesthetics, on
respiration and
asphyxia, on the causes of the change of color in the chameleon, etc.
He was also interested in vegetable physiology, and in particular investigated the movements of the sensitive plant, and the influence of light of different colours on the life of vegetation. After about 1880 he produced several elementary text-books of scientific instruction, and also various publications on educational and allied subjects.
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